From the name we can guess that superconductors are such conductors which have a very high conductivity
(theoretically infinite) or zero resistance. Usually in all conductors there are obstacles
for electrons to flow like, collisions with other atoms of the material,
repulsive forces between electrons (as we know like charges repel each other),
impurities of the conductors, thermal disturbance created by temperature
increase of the conductor etc. In a superconductor these obstacles are
eliminated to have a perfect conduction.
Copper effect: In
a superconductive state, electrons are paired together to help each other
maintain a significantly higher velocity through the medium.
 |
| Superconductivity with years |
History: Superconductivity was first discovered in 1911 but
until 1986 it was of no use as it was only attainable at 23K (=-250C). In 1986
physicist Alex Muller and George Bednorz increased the temperature to 30K by
using Lanthanum barium copper oxide. After few months of the same year
professor Paul Chu and Man Kven Wu raised the temperature to 95K using a
superconductor of Yttrium barium copper oxide.
